![]() However, panning cannot be done on a large scale, and industrious miners and groups of miners graduated to “cradles,” “rockers,” and “long-toms” to process larger volumes of gravel. ![]() In September 1850, California became a state.Įxcavating a gravel bed with jets, circa 1863īecause the gold in the California gravel beds was so richly concentrated, the early Forty-Niners simply panned for gold in California’s rivers and streams. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote, and the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In 1849 a state constitution was written. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers.īy 1854, more than 300,000 immigrants had arrived from around the world. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and China. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands ( Hawaii), and Latin America in late 1848.
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